The Dream that Ousted Stalin from the Mausoleum

Further Notes on The Secret History of Dreaming

Dora Abramovna Lazurkina (1884-1974) Old Bolshevik and friend of Lenin, was arrested by Stalin’s secret police in 1937, jailed and tortured and sent to the Gulag. She was not released until 1955 and had nightmares about what she had endured until the end of her life.

At the 22^nd Communist Party Congress in 1961 she rose to say that she had dreamed that Lenin told her that he was not happy about lying next to Stalin in the Mausoleum on Red Square. After Stalin’s death, his mummified body had been interred next to Lenin’s, Stalin in his gorgeous generalissimo’s uniform, Lenin’s in a civilian black suit.

Lazurkina told the Party Congress:

I always carry Ilyich in my heart and always, comrades, in the most difficult moments, I survived only because I had Ilyich in my heart and I consulted with him what to do. Yesterday I consulted with Ilyich, as if he stood before me as if alive and said: it is unpleasant for me to be next to Stalin, who brought so much trouble to the party.

Though Molotov, a diehard Stalinist, declared that this was the dream of a witch, she got a standing ovation and “stormy applause, according to the transcript.  Khruschev was already planning to remove Stalin from the Mausoleum but wanted cover, fearing riots by Stalin’s perfervid followers, especially in Georgia. On the night of Halloween, October 31, 1961, a secret police unit carried Stalin’s corpse to a burial plot by the Kremlin wall on Halloween, where it was stripped of its decorations before being interred under a heavy stone slab.

A year later, the Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko, for whom I read translations when he spoke in Canberra in 1966, published a poem in Pravda titled “The Heirs of Stalin” in which he appealed to the regime not to let Stalin rise again: “And I, appealing to our government, petition them to double, and even triple, the number of sentries guarding this slab, and stop Stalin from ever rising again and, with Stalin, the past."

 

Dreaming History, Past and Future

 

Dream reports from 8 years ago popped out of my journal. One of them seems closely related to the tragedy unfolding in Ukraine, and reminds me that to navigate the future, we must understand the past. This is a summary of one of several travel reports I recorded from my dream adventures on one night in 2014, a few weeks after Putin's "little green men" started the invasion of Crimea.

March 17, 2014

Kaganovich's Baby

I agree to make a trip to the north, a secret mission. I am supposed to check on a baby that is going to be delivered. The father is Kaganovich. I recognize the name. He is one of Stalin’s strongmen. A woman colleague drives. In the dream, I pull cards from a tarot-like deck to get a reading on where this is going.

The first card I draw is bronze-colored. There is a line drawing of an armored horseman. He does not look like a medieval Western knight; the style is from farther East. In scrolling script, perhaps Cyrillic, the card has a name that means Sovereign. I see it is numbered XV. So, this corresponds to the Devil card in familiar decks. Here, it seems, the Sovereign – or the pursuit of sovereignty over a land – is the Devil. The devils of history are out again. And perhaps the horsemen of the Apocalypse.

We arrive at an apartment building full of sweet young girls. I learn that Kaganovich's baby has already been born. This is not good news.

I made the following notes on the dream after writing it down:

Kaganovich makes a speech in 1938

Lazar Kaganovich, born in Ukraine, was one of Stalin’s closest henchmen. "Iron Lazar" was Stalin’s chief enforcer against Party rivals and the effective dictator of Ukraine in the 1930s. In 2010, before the supreme court in Kyiv, 250 books of documentary evidence were produced by the prosecution to support the charge that he was guilty of genocide through the deliberate starvation of more than 3 million Ukrainians in 1932-3. The horror he and Stalin inflicted on Ukraine is known as Holodomor, "Killing by Starvation".

Kaganovich was one of the few Jews to survive at the top through Stalin’s reign. Amazingly, he almost outlasted the entire Soviet era, dying in 1991 aged 97.

What is Kaganovich's baby? Kaganovich had a daughter, born in 1917.I don't think the dream is about her. Maybe his baby is his legacy as reflected in Russian actions at the time of the dream, but more especially in 2022, when killing civilians by starvation again seems to be the policy of a Russian dictator, and Putin's violent rhetoric echoes Stalin's. My dream title makes me think of "Rosemary's Baby", a horror story on film. Dreams can key us into the history we need to know, and reruns of old horror stories we want to avoid.

Photos at top: Holodomor monument, Kyiv

What did I say to Stalin? Working on a dream puzzle

The elements of a dream are sometimes like pieces from a complex jigsaw puzzle, needing to be inspected carefully and fitted together with equal care.
   My puzzle pieces often relate to memories of dream travel in other times and other realities, whose geography and languages may be quite mysterious to my waking mind. So figuring out the puzzle involves not only working with the shape of the pieces, but discerning what is on them. This can involve quite a lot of research.
   Let me share an example from my recent dream life.

What did I say to Stalin? I have written it down, as I remember it, but it looks like nonsense.
    I need to back up. I won’t start at the beginning; that would take hundreds of pages. I’ll start in mid-story, which is where humans find themselves on any given day, including the day of birth.
     On the night of this adventure, I am sick and low and catching cabin fever after days of shut-up time in the deep freeze of a Northern winter.  I drag myself to bed in the early hours wishing for a livelier scene. I want to get out and about in a fitter body and a happier state of mind. Not just any body. A body that belongs to me, but is not subject to my current indignities. The body of a Traveler who might be a parallel version of myself, having fun in a parallel universe near or far from my own.
    There are places I know. But I set no bearings, no destination.
    Surprise me, is all of my intention, as I seek and find the sweet spot for my face on the pillow. .

I’m traveling fast, ever eastward through Central Europe. I have energetic companions who know what they are doing. When we stop to refuel the car, I look at the office, trying to identify where I am. I see the word “RUSAVA” painted on the glass of a window. Then we are pushing east again, in a variety of conveyances.
     We go as far as Ufa. I am escorted to a rustic restaurant where something very important is taking place. Heavyset men in suits and winter coats, some in uniform, most of them clearly armed. I am shown to a big wooden table where bottles of alcohol and plates of snacks are laid out.
     The heavy men huddled around the man at the head of the table lean back, opening my line of sight. I am looking at a man with a big mustache in a peasant blouse. This is Stalin. I know this and I am amazed. I must have jumped across time as well as space. I know the year is 1943. We are in the midst of World War II. Robert the Traveler seems at home in this situation.   
     Introductions are being made. I have no idea what to say to Stalin. I don’t speak Russian, apart from a few drinking toasts. Wait, a toast might be perfect. I come up with something I have heard others say during my journey.
    “Zhveega, zhveega!” I don’t know what this means. I have the notion that the expression means something like “Eat up!” or “Eat meat!”
     I grin like a fool. The response from Stalin’s crew is absolute silence. Stalin’s smile is frozen. The others have erased all facial expression. I don’t know what I said but it is not winning any awards here.
    Stalin’s eyes narrow, his cheeks rise, his chest heaves and he lets out a booming laugh. His cronies join in. He claps me on the shoulder, barking something that is not quite what I said. When I join the men at the table, conversation centers on the importance of bread. A man who does not like bread cannot be trusted, says Stalin. I agree, though this seems like an odd statement in a time when many people are starving. Not at Stalin’s table, however.

There were more adventures, but enough clues to follow in what I have recorded here. I came back from my excursion energized, much restored after only two hours in bead, eager to know more. Where had my traveling self gone this time? How did I get to a private dinner with Stalin, and why him? What did I say to Stalin?
      I had three primary leads. Rusava. Ufa. Zhveega, zhveega. I set to work tracking them.
     It did not take me long to locate Rusava. It is a village in Moravia, on the eastern side of the Czech Republic. A river with the same name flows through the town. The word “Rusava” refers to the rust-red color of its waters after the spring thaw. I have not been to Rusava, in ordinary reality, but it could feature in my future travels. I now teach regularly in Prague and enjoy visiting the Czech countryside. Robert the Traveler may have decided to go ahead of me and scout the land. He does that quite often.
     Ufa was distantly familiar. I found it on a map, south-east of Moscow in what is today the Republic of Bashkortostan  I noticed that in 1941, Ufa became the headquarters of the Comintern – the organization charged with fomenting Communist revolution around the world - after its staff was evacuated from Moscow by train. That was significant to me, and maybe even more significant to my traveling self. In a previous era in this life, I wrote a historical novel, Carnival of Spies, involving the Comintern and love and betrayal in Stalin’s time, on the eve of World War II. I had planned a sequel set in the time of the war itself, but abandoned that project because my life and my interests changed. It seemed possible that another Robert in a parallel universe had carried on with the book project I abandoned, and that I had entered his imagination as he brought its scenes alive, as well as his travels in the landscapes of the book.    
    “Zhveega”? That was a trickier assignment. I gave several versions of the word to Auntie Google and her sisters. Zveega. Zweega. Zwigr. I searched dictionaries of Russian, Czech other East European languages. No luck. Then I sent my dream report to a Czech friend. She came up with an intriguing suggestion. “Zveega” could be the Czech word žvýkat, which means “to chew”, or its imperative form, žvýkej". Stalin’s policies resulted in widespread famine and he sent huge numbers of people to Siberia, to the gulags where they were starving. When starving people got bread or a little meat, they would need to chew very carefully.
     If I said, “Chew, chew!” to Stalin in the context of those times, my statement would certainly have produced astonishment. I suppose that Robert the Traveler was lucky that Stalin chose to receive this as a joke.
     Was my journey to Ufa an experience of time travel? Or a quantum jump into a parallel universe? A scene from a past life - and if so, whose, exactly? A virtual fantasy generated by some unseen crew of dream producers - and if so, why? Or all of the above.
     I am willing to leave the question open. What I do know is that it is endlessly productive to work with the facts of a dream, to hold those facts clear and firm in the mind and to stay with them until something turns up, and you can see where a puzzle piece fits into a larger pattern.
     I must add that when you have all the pieces fitting together, you may need to turn the whole construction this way and that, like a Rubik's cube, because it is more than a jigsaw puzzle on a table. It is a product of experiences in the multiverse.

Postscript

When a dream has as much energy and intrigue as this, I leave my case file open and go on adding further information as it becomes available. I asked a Russian friend for her take on the mystery word I transcribed as Zhveega. She commented:

In Russian, there is a verb жевать, zhevat', derived from the same root as the Czech verb. An imperative form would be "Zhui!" Other imperatives include  "Zhri!" - a crude word for "eat", especially eat greedily and sloppily, gobble, devour; "Zhivi!" (stress on last syllable) - "Live!" and even "Dvigai!" (stress on first syllable) - "Move it!" But none of these words rings true. Also, Stalin was Georgian. Could this be a Georgian word?

     The scene is so easy to re-create in one's imagination: a tyrant surrounded by his terrified courtiers, eating and drinking merrily during the time when most people are starving... Bread was indeed an huge propaganda tool. The man-made famine of 1932-33 occurred a decade before the wartime year of 1943, but the party bosses probably partied non-stop between these dates - at least those of them who managed to avoid the gulag. 

    My first and admittedly biased association with "Zhveega!" pronounced in the company of Stalin was with "izverg" (EEZ-verg) - an archaic word for a monster, sadist, somebody extremely cruel and evil, derived from a Slavic for "outcast". Stalin was izverg all right. But this word is unlikely to provoke a lighthearted reaction from your hosts. 

The word sleuthing continues. After I posted this blog, I heard from a friend who is fluent in both Czech and Russian, and may have come up with the best interpretation of what I said to Stalin yet:

I read your blog "What did I say to Stalin?" today and suddenly it dawned on me. How do you like the word ZVÍŘE (animal) in Czech? In Russian it is ZVJER (wild, predatory animal). Maybe you said to Stalin " Ty zvíře" (in Czech) or: "Ty zvjer" (in Russian) it means: "You (are an) animal!" as a greeting.
     If you called called Stalin "zvíře"  or "zvjer" (an animal) you could have had three reasons:
1. You wanted to look tough, and on familiar ground. Tough guys sometimes greet each other by saying: " Ty zvíře!" or: "Zvjer!" (in Russian).
2. Stalin was a dictator. He was "velké zvíře" (a big animal)  - a big shot.
3. Stalin was a "zvjer" because he ordered and committed " zvjerstva" very bad things or he behaved like an animal. In this context it means somebody extremely cruel - a monster - as your Russian friend suggested.

Zhveega=zvjer? To my ear, that's a match. Pretty daring of Robert the Traveler to say that to the dictator of Russia, but he seems to have gotten away with it - in this time. 

Jigsaw photos (c) Robert Moss